Engine



(No Model.)

P. o'. RINSCHE.

ENGINE.

Patented June 16, 1896;

x IAMIII [lll Ill II MPHDYULITHDAWASHINGIUMDL UNITED STATES PATENTl OFFICE.

FRANK O. RINSCHF., OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO THE OHOUTEAU MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF MISSOURI.

ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 562,029, dated June 16, 1896.

Application filed November 25,1895. Serial No. 570,038. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FRANK C. RiNscHE, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of St. Louis, State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Engines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specication, wherein- Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of my improved engine, taken on line l l, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of my improved engine, taken on line 2 2, Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the cylinder and coupling-sleeve, the latter being shown partly in section to show the operation of the means for locking the coupling-sleeve to the cylinder. Fig. 4f is a similar view showing the locking means in position to unlock the cylzo inder. Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of said locking means. Fig. G illustrates in detail the locking-bar for the head and cylinder, the

end-closing plate for the cylinder with which said bar engages, and a portion of the cylin- 2 5 der-sleeve. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a modified form of end-closing plate and locking-bar. Fig. S is a view illustrating another form of locking-bar, and Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view through the same and its endclosing plate.

This invention relates to a new and useful improvement in engines of that class which are designed to be run by motive iiuid, preferably in the form of compressed air. The piston is preferably provided with three heads which control the inlet and exhaust of the motive iiuid, and also astem which delivers impacting blows upon a tool-shank arranged in the end of the cylinder. The enginev is best controlled by a valve which chokes the exhaust, said valve being within convenient reach for manipulation bythe operators iinger during the use of the tool.

The objects of this present invention are, iirst, to run an engine of this class in a smooth even manner, so that the vibrations due to the strokes of the piston, which generally accompany these engines, will be lessened to such an extent that they will not be felt by the operator; second, to simplify the construction of such an engine, whereby the cost of the manufacture is greatly reduced; third, to utilize a cross-bar, yielding or otherwise, to lock the end-closing plate in position and prevent independent rotation of the head or cylinder, which cross-bar also forms a partition or division in the rear of the cylinder, on each side of which the incoming and exhausting motive fluid leads; fourth, to const-ruct a lock for the coupling-sleeve which will be automatic in its locking action while the sleeve is being screwed home, and which lock, by reversing its position,will permit the sleeve to be unscrewed without necessitating the removal or displacement of the lock.

With these objects in view the invention consists in arranging a cross-bar between the end-closing plate and the cylinder-head in the form of a handle-base, which cross-bar may be attached to either of said parts, said crossbar dividing the space between said parts into two compartments, one for the incoming live motive iiuid and the other for the exhaust fluid, said cross-bar also preventing independent rotation of either of said parts and the engine-cylinder and the sleeve.

Another feature of the invention resides in the arrangement of a spring-pressed lockingkey in the collar or coupling-sleeve, which secures the handle to the cylinder, said locking-key engaging teeth on a cylinder-flange against which an int urned iian ge on the collar abuts, the locking-key being so constructed that when in one position the parts are locked against rotary movement in one direction and when in another position said key permitting the parts to turn in either direction; and, finally, the invention Vconsists in the construction, arrangement, and combination of the several parts, all as will'hereinafter be described, and afterward pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, A indicates the cylinder, in the bore of which is preferably arranged asleeve B, in which sleeve are formed the several ports for the piston F, which is mounted within the sleeve and which piston controls the admission and exhaust of the motive iiuid at its ends. The tool-shank opening A is formed in the end of the cylinder, in which IOO opening is arranged a hard-1netal sleeve or bushing A". A indicates the inlet-port for the motive fluid in sleeve B, which opens into the piston-chamber at a,

C indicates the exhaust-port formed in the sleeve and opening into the cylinder at c and o.

l) indicates a port in the sleeve opening at one end into the rear end of the cylinder and at its other end into the cylinder between the inlet-port opening a and exhaust-opening c.

E indicates a port arranged in the sleeve and opening at one end into the front end of the cylinder and at its other end into the cylinder between the inlet-port opening a and the exhaust-opening c.

The piston F is provided with three heads F', F2, and F3, from the front end of which piston projects a stem F into the tool-shank opening. The operation of this piston having these ports is as follows: Motive fluid being admitted into the cylinder through port A'" will pass behind vthe piston-head F2 and into port E and into the front end of the cylinder, forcing the piston to the rear. The air in the rear end of the cylinder will exhaust directly through opening c and exhaust-port C, the escape of which is preferablycontrolled by a valve to regulate speed of the engine, as will hereinafter be described. When the piston has completed its stroke to the rear, head F closes exhaust-opening C, and head F3 opens exhaust o to the front end of the chamber, and head F2 passes inlet-port opening a and directing the incoming motive fluid in front of the middle head of the piston and into port D, where it is conducted to behind the piston. The piston now begins its forward stroke, the air in front thereof exhausting directly through port-opening c and exhaust-port C.

lt will be noted that the exhaust from the ends of the chamber is direct and in proportion to the freedom with which the exhaust escapes the efficiency of the engine and the force and strength of its blows are increased. In the engine shown and described in United States Letters Patent No. 537,66 of April lt, 1895, granted to Pierre Chouteau, assignee of myself, the same general inlet-port arrangement will be found with a three-headed piston to control these ports and the exhaust. ln that engine, however, the exhaust was compelled to pass back through the ports D and E, making many sharp turns, which retarded the freedom of its passage and lessened the eliiciency of the engine in proportion.

Arranged at the rear end of the chamber is an end-closing plate G, which is preferably seated on a shoulder in the sleeve. This plate is formed with a groove across its rear face, in which is seated a cross-bar II. This cross-bar, as shown in Figs. l, 2, and 6, is secured to or forms part of a face-plate H', which is arranged in the cylinder-head or handle -base I, said handle-base having a threaded iiange I', which embraces the roar end of the cylinder and receives a couplingsleeve J, which secures the handle-base to its seat and binds the cross-bar and end-closing plate in position. This cross-bar extends across the cylinder-head and is received in seats in the end-closing plate, the sleeve l, and the cylinder, as shown. Vhen the parts are assembled, this bar prevents rotation of the sleeve within the cylinder, the end-closing plate within the sleeve, and the cylinderhead or handle-base on the cylinder. In addition to the above offices of this cross-bar it divides the space between the end-closing plate and the cylinder-head into two coinpartments, into one of which opens the passage from the reservoir and the inlet-port A", and into the other of which leads the exl1aust-port C, whose exit is controlled by'a valve K, operating in a suitable recess in the cylinder-head or handle-base. This valve is preferably arranged as shown in Fig. l wherein the valve is a spring-closed hollow plngvalve whose stem passes through a spool around which the incoming motive fluid passes, while on t-he end of the stem is a curved handle for operating the valve. Extending rearwardly from this cylinder-head or handle-base and preferably integral therewith is a reservoir L, whose walls are shaped like a handle, which is adapted to be grasped by the operator in manipulating the tool. The live motiveiiuid is introduced into this reservoir at its rear end through a suitable flexible pipe. (Not shown.)

In Fig. 7 I have shown the cross-bar as being made of rubber and seated in recesses in the cylinder-head, the end-closing plate, the sleeve B, and the cylinder A, the latter two not being shown. When the cylinder-head is drawn down over the rear end of the cylinder, it compresses the rubber bar and makes a tight joint between the parts.

In Figs. 8 and 9 I have shown another form of cross-bar, in which the same is composed of two extensible sections with a spring interposed to constantly exert a tension to keep said sections extended and make a tight joint. In this form I prefer to secure one of said sections to the end-closing plate, as shown.

The coupling-sleeve J, which secures the cylinder-head I in position, is formed with an inturned iiange on its forward end, which is adapted to engage a flange a on the cylinder. This flange a is provided with teeth or proj ections, preferably in the form shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Passing through an opening in the coupling-sleeve J, and in line with the cylinder-flange when the coupling-sleeve is home, is a locking-key M, which is formed with a beveled or inclined inner face to conform substantially with the inclination of the teeth on flange a. A spring N forces this locking-key inwardly, said spring being preferably in the form. of a leaf-spring and hav ing a bifurcation in its end in which is intro- IOO IOS

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duced a reduced portion of the locking-key. As shown in Fig: 3, when the parts are being assembled this locking-key is in position so that its biting edge or toe m will ride over the projection on iiange a and be seated behind them, so as to prevent a return movement of the collar, which would tend to unscrew and loosen the same. /Vhen it is desired to remove the collar by unscrewing it, this locking-key is reversed, as shown in Fig. 4, when the collar can be rotated in either direction without interference from the lock. I prefer to form this locking-key as shown in Fig. 5, and to make the hole in collar J ,thro u gh which it passes, non-circular in contour. This will necessitate the withdrawal of the key from the collar when reversing, but will obviate the liability and possibility of the key reversing itself while the collar is being rotated, which might interfere with the direction of rotation of the collar.

I am aware that many minor changes in the construction, arrangement, and combination of the several parts of my invention may be made and substituted for those herein shown and described without in the least departing from the nature and principle of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, ism l l. In an engine, the combination with the cylinder, of an end-closing plate, a cylinderhead between which and the end-closin g plate is a space, and a cross-bar which divides said space into two compartments, one for the live motive fluid, and the other for the exhaust; substantially as described.

2. In an engine, the combination with the cylinder, of an end-closing plate having a recess in its rear face, a cylinder-head, and a cross-bar which fits against the cylinder-head and into the recess in the end-closing plate; substantially as described.

3. In an engine, the combination with the cylinder, of a sleeve therein, and an endclosing plate, all of said parts being formed with an alining transverse groove, a cylinder-head, and a bar which engages said cylinder-head and is seated in said groove; substantially as described.

4. The combination with the cylinder, of the end-closin g plate, the cylinder-head, and a cross-bar arranged between said cylinderhead and end-closin g plate, said cross-bar being yielding to make a tight joint between the two; substantially as described.

5. The combination with the cylinder, of an end-closing plate, a cylinder-head, and a cross-bar between the cylinder-head and endclosing plate, said cross-bar consisting of yielding sections; substantially as described.

6. 'Ihe combination with the cylinder, endclosing plate, and cylinder-head, of a faceplate secured in the cylinder-head, and a cross-bar arranged on said face-plate and engaging the cylinder and end-closing plate; substantially as described.

7. The combination with the cylinder, of an end-closing plate a cylinder-head, a cross-bar interposed between the cylinder-head and end-closing plate, and a collar or couplingsleeve which engages the cylinder-head to force it home and clamp the cross-bar and end-closing plate in position; substantially as described.

S. In a pneumatic hand-tool, the combination with the cylinder formed with a toothed 'flange near its rear end, a cylinder-head formed with a threaded portion, a collar or coupling-sleeve formed with an inturned flange to engage the cylinder-flange, said collar also engaging the cylinder-head, and a spring-pressed locking-key mounted in the collar and adapted to engage the teeth on the cylinder -iiange, in such manner that thev parts are locked against rotary movement in one direction when said key is in one of its positions, said parts being free to rotate in either direction when the key is in another of its positions; substantially as described.

9. The combination with a cylinder having a toothed flange formed thereon, with a collar or coupling-sleeve mounted on said cylinder and adapted to engage said flange, said collar having a non-circular opening in alinement with the teeth on the flange, a non-circular locking-key having an inclined face and passing through said opening, and a springhaving a bifurcated end for receiving said lockingkey and holding it in position; substantially as described.

lO. In a pneumatic hand-tool the combination with the cylinder formed with a toothed iiange near its rear end, a cylinder head formed with a threaded portion, a collar or coupling sleeve formed with an inturned flange to engage said toothed flange, said collar also engaging the cylinder-head, and a spring-pressed locking-key mounted in the collar and adapted to engage the teeth on the cylinder-ange; substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature, in presence of two witnesses, this 18th day of November, 1895.

FRANK C. RINSGHE. Vitnesses:

F. R. CORNWALL, HUGH K. WAGNER.

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